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Polycotylus
''Polycotylus'' is a genus of plesiosaur within the family Polycotylidae.〔http://www.plesiosaur.com/database/genusIndividual.php?i=62〕 The type species is ''P. latippinis'' and was named by American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope in 1869. Eleven other species have been identified. The name means 'much-cupped vertebrae', referring to the shape of the vertebrae. It lived in the seas of North America, Russia and Australia toward the end of the Cretaceous.〔http://www.paleoglot.org/files/Bogolubow%201912.pdf〕 One fossil preserves an adult with a single large fetus inside of it, indicating that ''Polycotylus'' gave live birth, an unusual adaptation among reptiles.
==Description==
Like all plesiosaurs, ''Polycotylus'' was a large marine reptile with a short tail, large flippers, and a broad body. It has a short neck and a long head, and was about long. It has more neck vertebrae than other polycotylids, however. ''Polycotylus'' is thought to be a basal polycotylid because it has more vertebrae in its neck (a feature that links it with long-necked ancestors) and its humerus has a more primitive shape. The long ischia of the pelvis are a distinguishing feature of ''Polycotylus'', as are thick teeth with striations on their surfaces, a narrow pterygoid bone on the palate and a low sagittal crest on top of the skull.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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